Learner corpora around the world

This list is still work in progress. We would like it to be as comprehensive as possible. If you have a learner corpus or know of one that is not listed on this webpage, send a message to Magali Paquot and we'll add it to the list. We hope you will find the list useful for your research!

The list below only contains learner corpora, i.e. electronic collections of continuous written or spoken data produced by foreign or second language learners.
For a list of learner corpus-based datasets (treebanks, error lists, etc.), click here.

To refer to this list :

Centre for English Corpus Linguistics (date of access): Learner Corpora around the World. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université catholique de Louvain. https://uclouvain.be/en/research-institutes/ilc/cecl/learner-corpora-around-the-world.html

Learner corpora

Corpus	Target language	First language	Medium	Text type/ task type	Proficiency level	Size in words	Project director	Availability
The Arabic Learner Corpus (ALC)	Arabic	66 languages	written and spoken	Narrative and discussion	Intermediate and advanced	written: c. 283,000 audio: c. 3h30	Abdullah Alfaifi & Eric Atwell	Available
The Pilot Arabic Learner Corpus	Arabic	English	written	Narrative	Intermediate and advanced	c. 9,000	Ghazi Abuhakema Reem Faraj Anna Feldman Eileen Fitzpatrick Montclair State University, USA
The Jinan Chinese Learner Corpus (JCLC)	Chinese	50 languages	written	Exams and assignments	Beginners, intermediate and advanced	c. 6 m. Chinese characters c. 9,000 texts	Maolin Wang Shervin Malmasi Minggxuan Huang
Croatian Learner Text Corpus (CroLTeC)	Croatian	36 languages (Afrikaans, Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Czech, Danish, German, English, Estonian, Persian, Finnish, French, Hebrew, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lari, Mandinka, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Albanian, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Malay)	written	exam essays, argumentative and literary essays, letters, diaries, picture descriptions, book reviews, short dialogues, etc.	A1-C2	c. 1 million	Nives Mikelic Preradovic, University of Zagreb, Croatia	Freely available
The AKCES/CZESL corpus (Acquisition corpora of Czech/Czech as a second language)	Czech	Various	written and spoken	Student essays and interviews	Various	2 m.	Karel Sebesta Charles University in Prague Technical University in Liberec, Czech Republic	Available
Leerdercorpus Nederlands als Vreemde Taal	Dutch	French	written				Liesbeth Degand Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Arab Learner English Corpus (ALEC)	English	Arabic	written	Essays written by freshman students as part of first level college writing course	University students (second language learners)	Analysis 184749 Narrative 67527 Synthesis 66015 Argumentation 192298	imahfouz@auk.edu.kw">Dr. Inas Mahfouz, American University of Kuwait	https://dspace.auk.edu.kw/handle/11675/1757
The Aachen Corpus of Academic Writing (ACAW)	English	German	written	Academic research writing	Advanced	c. 240,000 words c. 225,000 words (L1 component)	Elma Kerz, RWTH Aachen University	Under development
The Advanced Learner English Corpus (ALEC)	English	Mainly Swedish	written	Essays written by university students of English linguistics and English literature	Advanced	c. 1,3 m.	Tove Larsson, Uppsala University	Not freely available
The ANGLISH corpus	English	French	spoken	Readings of texts and sentences, spontaneous oral language.	Various	c. 5h30	Anne Tortel University of Provence, France.	Freely available
Asao Kojiro’s Learner Corpus Data	English	Japanese	written	Essays and stories written or reproduced by Japanese college students.			Asao Kojiro	Texts available for download
The Barcelona English Language Corpus (BELC)	English	Spanish Catalan	spoken and written	4 tasks: Written composition Oral narrative Oral interview Role-play Longitudinal data (children and young adults learning English)	Various		Carmen Muños University of Barcelona, Spain
The BATMAT Corpus	English	Swedish Finnish	written	BA dissertations MA dissertations	Advanced	c. 2,5 m. (expanding)	Signe-Anita Lindgrén, English language and literature, Åbo Akademi University, Finland	Under development
Belarussian Learner Corpus of English (BELLCE)	English	Russian; Belarussian	written	argumentative essays	High intermediate to advanced	unknown	Anastasia Rakhuba
The Bilingual Corpus of Chinese English Learners (BICCEL)	English	Chinese	spoken and written	Spoken: National Oral English test. Written: in-class assignments		c. 2 m.	Wen Qiufang National Research Center for Foreign Language Education Beijing Foreign Studies University, China
The British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus	English	Mainly L1 speakers Also includes data produced by L2 speakers	written	ESP papers	4 levels of study (from undergraduate levels to final year and taught masters level)	c. 6,5 m.	Hilary Nesi Sheena Gardner Warwick, UK Paul Thompson University of Birmingham, UK Paul Wickens Oxford Brookes, UK baseplus@warwick.ac.uk	The BAWE corpus can be accessed through the corpus analysis interface, Sketch Engine. A prototype interface that allows filtered searching of the BAWE corpus files is available.
The BUiD Arab Learner Corpus (BALC)	English	Arabic	written	School examination essays	Various	c. 290,000	Mick Randall The British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates Nicholas Groom University of Birmingham, UK	At present, copies of the current version of the corpus is available on request from mick.randall@buid.ac.ae
The Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC)	English	Various	written	Exam scripts	Various	c. 50 m.	Cambridge University Press and Cambridge ESOL, UK	Commercial
The Corpus of Academic Learner English (CALE)	English	German	written	Various academic text types that are typically produced in university courses of English, e.g. term papers, reading reports, research plans, abstract, reviews, and summaries.	Advanced	under development	Marcus Callies University of Bremen, Germany
The Corpus of English Essays Written by Asian University Students (CEEAUS)	English	Various	written	Student essays	Various	c. 200,000	Shin Ishikawa Kobe University, Japan	Freely downloadable from the website
The Chinese Academic Written English corpus (CAWE)	English	Chinese	written	Dissertations written by Chinese undergraduates majoring in English linguistics or applied linguistics.		c. 400,000	David Yong Wey Lee City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC)	English	Chinese	written		Various	c. 1 m.	Gui Shichun Guangdong University of Foreign Studies & Yang Huizhong, Shanghai Jiatong, China	The corpus can only be accessed by users in the Department of English at HKPU.
The City University Corpus of Academic Spoken English (CUCASE)	English	Chinese Also includes data produced by L1 speakers	multimedia			c. 2 m.	David Yong Wey Lee City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The Cologne-Hanover Advanced Learner Corpus (CHALC)	English	German	written	term papers and essays	Advanced	c. 210,000	Ute Römer University of Michigan, USA
The College Learners’ Spoken English Corpus (COLSEC)	English	Chinese	spoken	National spoken English test for non-English majors.		c. 700,000	Yang and Wei
The Corpus Archive of Learner English in Sabah/Sarawak (CALES)	English	Malay	written	Argumentative essays	Various	c. 400,000	Simon Botley@Faizal Hakim Doreen Dillah Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak, Malaysia
CORpus del ESPañol de los Italianos (CORESPI)	Spanish	Italian	Written	Written compositions	A1 to B2	c.125,000	Sonia Bailini sonia.bailini@unicatt.it Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy	Online access
CORpus del ITaliano de los Españoles (CORITE)	Italian	Spanish	Written	Written compositions	A1 to B2	c.103,000	Sonia Bailini sonia.bailini@unicatt.it Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy	Online access
The Corpus of Business Letters	English	Italian	written	Tagged part: BEC1 writting tests (letters, emails, faxes, memos, reports) Untagged part: business writing exam tests		c. 32,000	Anna Romagnuolo
The Corpus of Multilingual Opinion Essays by College Students (MOECS)	English	varied	written	opinion essays	college students	unknown	Megumi Okugiri	available
Corpus of writing, pronunciation, reading, and listening by learners of English as a Foreign Language	English	Japanese	written and spoken	varied	beginners to advanced	29h audio + 30.000 words	Katsunori Kotani
The Corpus of Young Learner Interlanguage (CYLIL)	English	Dutch French Greek Italian	spoken	English L2 data elicited from European School pupils. Longitudinal data	Various	c. 500,000	Alex Housen Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
The Eastern European English learner corpus	English	Russian Ukrainian Polish Slovak	spoken	Spontaneaous spoken production data elicited by means of a semi-structured interview	Various	c. 60,000	Elena Salakhian Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
The EFL Teacher Corpus (ETC)	English	Korean	spoken	Teacher talks in language classrooms	Upper-intermediate to advanced	c. 123,000	Ye-eun Kwon Eun-Joo Lee	Under development
The English of Malaysian School Students corpus (EMAS)	English	Malay	written	Student essays + oral interviews	various	c. 500,000	Arshad Abd. Samad et al. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
The English Speech Corpus of Chinese Learners (ESCCL)	English	Chinese	spoken	Dialogue reading-aloud	Middle school and college		Chen Hua Nantong University, China Wen Qiufang Beijing Foreign Studies University, China Li Aijun Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China
The ETS Corpus of Non-Native Written English	English	11 languages	written	12,100 TOEFL English essays	/		Daniel Blanchard	Information avout the score level is available for each essay Samples are available
The Europarl corpus of Native Non-native and Translated Texts (ENNTT)	English	24 EU languages	written	Proceedings of the European Parliament	Advanced	NNS: c. 780,000 NS: c. 3 m. Translated: c. 22m.	Sergiu Nisioi	Available
The EVA Corpus of Norwegian School English	English	Norwegian	spoken	Picture-based tasks	/	c. 35,000	Angela Hasselgren University of Bergen, Norway
The Gachon Learner Corpus	English	Korean (+ a few Chinese & Spanish speaking students)	written	Written Journal Assignments	Lower intermediate	c. 2,5 m.	Brian Carlstrom	Freely available
The GICLE corpus (German component of ICLE)	English	German	written	Mainly non-academic argumentative essays	Advanced	c. 234,000
The Giessen-Long Beach Chaplin Corpus (GLBCC)	English	German	spoken	Transcribed interactions between native English speakers, ESL and EFL speakers	Various	c. 350,000	Andreas Jucker Sara Smith University of Giessen, Germany	Restricted use: apply for approval to get a copy.
The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology learner corpus (HKUST)	English	Chinese - mostly Cantonese	written	Untimed assignments written for EFL courses and school leaving exams	University and advanced high school students	c. 25 m.	John Milton Hong Kong University of Science &Technology, Hong Kong
The Indianapolis Business Learner Corpus (IBLC)	English	Various	written	Job application letters and résumés of business communication students from the U.S., Belgium, Finland, Germany, and Thailand, spanning the years 1990-1998			Ulla Connor Kristen Precht Thomas Albin Upton Indiana University, USA
The International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI)	English	Various	written	Essays (20-min in-class tasks without the use of a dictionary)	Beginner to lower-intermediate	9,000 essays	Yukio Tono Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan	Freely available
The International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE)	English	Chinese Indonesian Japanese Koren Malay etc.	written and spoken	Controlled speeches and essays L1 productions by 350 NS	Various	c. 1,8 m.	Shin'ichiro Ishikawa Kobe University, Japan	Freely available
The International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE)	English	Various	written	Argumentative and literary essays	High-intermediate to advanced	c. 3 m.	Sylviane Granger Centre for English Corpus Linguistics Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium	CD-Rom + handbook: order online.
The International Teaching Assistants corpus (ITAcorp)	English	Various	spoken	Learner language from a variety ofspoken classroom tasks: office hours role plays, presentations, discussions		c. 500,000	Steven L. Thorne Paula Golombek Jonathon Reinhardt Pennsylvania State University, USA
The Iranian Corpus of Learner English	English	Farsi	written	Expository essays	University students (English majors)	436,035	Parviz Maftoon, Parviz Birjandi, Hossein Khazaee	CD-ROM, data gathered for PhD dissertation by Hossein Khazaee; this corpus is an intellectual property of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
The ISLE speech corpus	English	German Italian	spoken	Recorded sentences from several blocks of differing types (reading simple sentences, using minimal pairs, giving answers to multiple choice questions)	Intermediate	c. 18h	ecisle@nats.informatik.uni-hamburg.de	CD-Rom
The Israeli Learner Corpus of Written English	English	Hebrew	written	Argumentative and descriptive essays		c. 750,000	Tina Waldman Kibbutzim College of Education, Israel
The Japanese English as a Foreign Language Learner Corpus (JEFLL)	English	Japanese	written	Student essays	From beginning to intermediate	c. 700,000	Yukio Tono, Meikai University, Japan jefll.inquiry@corpuscobo.net	The JEFLL Corpus will be freely available for research, first via the web query system (already available in Japanese) and then the entire data will be distributed under license in the future.
The Janus Pannonius University Corpus (JPU)	English	Hungarian	written	Essays and research papers	University students	c. 500,000	József Horváth University of Pécs, Hungary	Searchable online
Lancaster Corpus of Academic Written English (LANCAWE)	English	various	written	IELTS academic writing tests (descriptive and argumentative tasks); assignments. Longitudinal data.
The Lang-8 Learner Corpora	English	Various	written	texts from Lang-8, a social networking site for language learning	/	/	Toshikazu Tajiri & Mamoru Komachi	Available
The LeaP Corpus : Learning Prosody in a Foreign Language	English	German	spoken	Four types of speech styles were recorded: nonsense word lists readings of a short story retellings of the story free speech in an interview situation	Various	c. 12h	Ulrike Gut Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany	The annotated corpus is available to the scientific community. Please contact Ulrike Gut at the University of Augsburg. LeaP manual
The Learner Corpus of Engineering Abstracts (LCEA)	English	Malaysian	written	Abstracts of the Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Final Year Projects	Various	c. 550,000 998 abstracts	Helen Tan, University Putra Malaysia Chan Swee Heng Ain Nadzimah Syamsiah bt Mashohor	Available
The Learner Corpus of English for Business Communication	English	Chinese	written	Different types of business correspondence written for simulated business situations, including memos, faxes, reports, letters of enquiry and complaint letters		c. 117,500	Li Lan Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong	Searchable online
The Learner Corpus of Essays and Reports	English	Chinese	written	Essays and project reports covering a range of topics from Science, IT and New Media to Nursing, Business and Economics, and the Social Sciences		c. 188,000	Sima Sengupta Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong	Searchable online
A Learners' Corpus of Reading Texts	English	French	spoken	Unprepared reading of English texts. The texts are short abstracts of fiction or made-up dialogues.	University students		Sophie Herment Valérie Kerfelec Laetitia Leonarduzzi Gabor Turcsan	Freely available
The LONGDALE project: LONGitudinal DAtabase of Learner English	English	Various	spoken and written	Range of text types/task types. Longitudinal data.	From intermediate to advanced		Fanny Meunier Centre for English Corpus Linguistics Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium	Under development
The Longman Learners' Corpus	English	Various	written	Essays and exam scripts	Various	c. 10 m.	Longman	Commercial
The Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI)	English	Various	spoken	Interviews and picture descriptions	High-intermediate to advanced	c. 800,000	Gaëtanelle Gilquin Centre for English Corpus Linguistics Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium	CD-Rom and handbook: order online
The Malaysian Corpus of Learner English (MACLE)	English	Malay	written				Gerry Knowles Zuraidah Mohd. Don University of Malay, Malaysia
The Malaysian Corpus of Students' Argumentative Writing (MCSAW)	English	Malay Chinese Indian	written	Argumentative essays	Form 4 Form 5 College	c. 565,500	Seyed Ali Rezvani Kalajahi Jayakaran Mukundan University Putra Malaysia	Available from developers
The Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE)	English	Mainly L1 speakers but also includes data produced by L2 speakers	spoken	Transcipts of academic speech events		c. 1,8 m.	Ute Römer University of Michigan, USA micase@umich.edu	Searchable online
The Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP)	English	Semi-balanced sample of native and non-native speakers of English	written	ESP papers A-grade papers or ungraded papers that have been assessed and accepted (such as research proposals), but not published		c. 2,6 m.	Ute Römer University of Michigan, USA micusp@umich.edu	Searchable online
The Montclair Electronic Language Database (MELD)	English	Various	written	Student essays	Various	c. 100,000	Eileen Fitzpatrick Milton S. Seegmiller Monclair State University, USA	Searchable online Includes error annotations
The Multimedia Adult ESL Learner Corpus (MAELC)	English	ESL environment	multimedia	Video of classroom interaction and associated written materials	Beginner to upper-intermediate		Stephen Reder Kathryn Harris Kristen Setzler Portland State University, USA labschool@pdx.edu	The Lab School would like to share the extensive resources from MAELC with interested researchers and teacher trainers. Those interested should make inquiries to the Lab School by e-mail.
The Neungyule Interlanguage Corpus of Korean Learners of English (NICKLE)	English	Korean	spoken and written	Written part: student essays Spoken part: student interviews and oral speech tests transcriptions	Mainly from beginning to intermediate	Written: c. 890,000 Spoken: c. 100,000	Ji-Myoung Choi Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea	The corpus will be available to the scientific community for research purposes upon request.
The Japanese Learner English Corpus (NICT JLE)	English	Japanese	spoken	English oral proficiency interview test	various	2 m.	Emi Izumi Kiyotaka Uchimoto Hitoshi Isahara National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kyoto, Japan.	Freely available (downloadable)
The NOn-native Spanish corpus of English (NOSE)	English	Spanish	written	Argumentative and descriptive student essays	Intermediate and upper-intermediate	c. 300,000 words	Ana Diaz-Negrillo Universidad de Granada, Spain
The NUS Corpus of Learner English	English	Several East Asian languages, predominantly Chinese	written	Student essays on a wide range of topics including environmental pollution, healthcare, etc.	various	c. 1 m.	Hwee Tou Ng Siew Mei Wu Daniel Dahlmeier National University of Singapore, Singapore.	Freely available
The PELCRA Learner English Corpus (PLEC)	English	Polish	spoken and written	Written: Argumentative, descriptive, narrative and quasi-academic essays; formal letters	From beginning to post-advanced	Under development Aim spoken: c. 200,000 Aim written: c.2,8 m.	Piotr Pęzik Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk University of Lodz, Poland	Online search engine and corpus analysis tools
The PICLE corpus (Polish component of ICLE)	English	Polish	written	Student essays	Advanced	c. 330,000	Przemyslaw Kaszubski AMU, Poznan, Poland	Searchable online
The Qatar learner corpus	English	Arabic (mostly from Qatar)	spoken	Spoken interviews with Qatari learners of English			Yun Zhao Helen Carnegie Mellon University, USA	Freely available
The Québec learner corpus	English	French (from Québec)	written	Argumentative essays	Intermediate and advanced	c. 250,000	Tom Cobb Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
The Romanian Corpus of Learner English (RoCLE)	English	Romanian	written	Student essays			Chitez Madalina Zurich University, Switzerland
Russian Error-Annotated English Learner Corpus	English	Russian	written	examination essays of the kind similar to IELTS Task 1 and Task 2, with errors annotated manually	Intermediate to Advanced	c.800,000 by November 2017 and growing (together with the old part of the corpus less consistently annotated or not annotated, available at http://realec.org/index.xhtml#/ - c.2,000,000)	Olga Vinogradova, School of Linguistics, Research University Higher School of Economics	freely available
The Russian Learner Translator Corpus (RusLTC)	English Russian	Russian	written	Translations produced by trainee translators	Trainee translators	c. 1.5 m. tokens	Project directors: Andrey Kutuzov and Maria Kunilovskaya	Freeliy available
The Santiago University Learner of English Corpus (SULEC)	English	Spanish	spoken and written	Written: compositions or argumentative essays. Spoken: semistuctured interviews, short oral presentations and brief story descriptions.	Various	Aim: c. 1 m. words	Ignacio M. Palacios Martínez, Santiago University	Available after registration
The Scientext English Learner Corpus	English	French	written	Academic argumentative texts		c. 1.1 m.	scientext@u-grenoble3.fr	Searchable online
Second Language Research Tasks (SLRT)	English	Various	written spoken	written paragraphs various oral tasks	Various	c. 300,000	Bill Crawford (Northern Arizona University) Kim McDonough (Concordia University)	Under development
The Seoul National University Korean-speaking English Learner Corpus (SKELC)	English	Korean	written	Student essays	Various	c. 900,000	Heokseung Kwon Seoul National University Korea
The SILS Learner Corpus of English	English	Various (mainly Japanese)	written	Student essays	Basic, intermediate and advanced	c. 3.2 m. (first and second drafts included)	Victoria Muehleisen Waseda University, Japan
The Soochow Colber Student Corpus (SCSC)	English	Chinese	written	Student essays		c. 227,000	Colman Bernath Soochow University, Taiwan
The Spoken and Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners (SWECCL)	English	Chinese	spoken (SECCL) and written (WECCL)	Written: argumentative and narrative essays. Spoken: National Spoken English Test – longitudinal data		c. 2 m.	Wei Qiufang Liang Maocheng Wang Lifei	CD-rom
The Taiwanese Corpus of Learner English (TLCE)	English	Chinese	written	Journals and essays (descriptive, narrative, expository, argumentative)	Intermediate to advanced	c. 2 m.	Rebecca Hsue-Huch Shih Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
The Tawainese learner academic writing corpus (TaiwanLAWC)	English	Chinese	written	Theses and dissertations written by Taiwanese graduate students.			Howard Chen National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
The TELEC Secondary Learner Corpus (TSLC)	English	Chinese	written and spoken	Compostions from secondary classroom		c. 2 m.	Quentin Allan University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The Telecollaborative Learner Corpus of English and German Telekorp	English	German	written	Bilingual, longitudinal database comprising computer-mediated NS-NNS interactions between approximately 200 Americans and Germans collected during six different telecollaborative partnerships from 2000-2005.		c. 1,5 m.	Julie Belz Pennsylvania State University, USA.	Not publicly available
The Ten-Thousand English Compositions of Chinese Learners (TECCL)	English	Chinese	written	Essays (various topics) written in and after class, and in testing context. Also contains some collaborative writing samples.	Various (mainly undergraduates)	c. 1,8 m.	Project initiator: Jiajin Xu, National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University	Raw texts and part-of-speech tagged texts are available
The Tswana Learner English Corpus (TLEC)	English	Tswana	written	Argumentative essays	Advanced	c. 200,000	Bertus Van Rooy North-West University, South Africa	Available in ICLE
The Uppsala Student English Corpus (USE)	English	Swedish	written	Student essays	Various	c. 1,200,000	Ylva Berglund Prytz Margareta Westergren Axelsson Uppsala University, Sweden	The corpus can be used for research and educational purposes. It can be accessed on the Internet from the Oxford Text Archive.
The Uppsala WordReference Corpus	English, Spanish, French, Italian	Various	Written	Forum posts		English learner subcorpus: 38M English native subcorpus: 50M Spanish learner subcorpus: 5M Spanish native subcorpus: 22M French learner subcorpus: 4M French native subcorpus: 7M Italian learner subcorpus: 1M Italien native subcorpus: 3M	Aleksandrs Berdicevskis Uppsala University	Freely available
The UPF Learner Translation Corpus	English	Catalan	written	Translations written by the students of the Translation and Interpreting degree at UPF.		c. 200,000	Anna Espunya Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
The UPV Learner Corpus	English	Catalan	written	essays	Various	c. 150,000	Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
The Varieties of English for Specific Purposes dAtabase learner corpus (VESPA)	English	Various	written	ESP texts (term papers, reports, MA dissertations)	Various	c. 220,000 (under development)	Magali Paquot Centre for English Corpus Linguistics Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
The Written Corpus of Learner English corpus (WriCLE)	English	Spanish	written	Essays	Various	c. 750,000	Paul Rollinson Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain	The corpus is available for free, and can be downloaded from this website. There is also a search interface to retrieve sentences and clauses.
The Yonsei English Learner Corpus (YELC)	English	Korean	written	Yonsei University English Diagnostic Tests (Part 1: Descriptive task, max. 100 words; Part 2: Argumentative tast, max. 300 words)	9 levels (A1, A1+, A2, B1, B1+, B2, B2+, C1, C2)	c. 1 m.	Seok-Chae Rhee CK Jung Yonsei University, Korea	The YELC corpus will be available to the scientific community for research purposes from 31 March 2012.
The Young Learner Corpus of English (YOLECORE)	English	Greek	spoken	Pedagogic Corpus of video-recorded EFL language classes.		170 school hours (126 hours of videotaped material) 1,5 m. types	Project director: Marina Mattheoudakis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Thomas Zapounidis
The Estonian Interlanguage Corpus of Tallinn University (EIC)	Estonian	Russian Finnish English German Latvian Lithuanian Ukrainian Belorussian	written	Spontaneously produced texts in language learning situations: argumentative and literary essays, written stories, letters, term papers, reading reports.	A1-C2	c. 1 m.	Project director: Pille Eslon Tallinn University, Estonia	Restricted online access
Linguistic Basis of the Common European Framework for L2 English and L2 Finnish (CEFLING)	Finnish English	Various	written	Various	Various		Maisa Martin, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Paths in Second Language Acquisition (TOPLING)	Finnish English Swedish	Various	written	Various	Various		Maisa Martin, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
The Advanced Finnish Learner Corpus (LAS2)	Finnish	Russian Czech Swedish Estonian Lithuanian Komi English Hungarian German Icelandic Japanese	written	Exam essays, theses, essays and writings	Advanced	c. 630,000	Kirsti Siitonen, University of Turku, Finland Ilmari Ivaska, University of Turky, Finland
The Finnish National Foreign Language Certificate Corpus (YKI)	Finnish	English Finnish French German Italian Lappish (Sami) Spanish Swedish Russian	written spoken	Various	Beginner, intermediate and advanced		Ari Maijanen, Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Tiina Lammervo, Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland	Available with user ID and Password
The International Corpus of Learner Finnish (ICLFI)	Finnish	Various	written	Finnish learners’ spontaneously produced texts in language learning situations, large variety of text types	Beginner, intermediate and advanced	Under development	Jarmo Harri Jantunen University of Oulu, Finland	Free download after applying for a user licence
The Chy-FLE (Cypriot Learner Corpus of French)	French	Modern Greek (and Cypriot Greek)	written	Argumentative and descriptive essays	From intermediate to advanced	c. 250,000 (under development)	Freiderikos Valetopoulos Université de Poitiers, France In collaboration with the University of Cyprus
The COREIL corpus	French English		spoken				Elisabeth Delais-Roussarie Hiyon Yoo Université Paris-Diderot, France
The "Dire Autrement" corpus	French (Second Language)	Mainly L1 speakers of English	written	Narrative, injunctive, persuasivle and informative texts		c. 50,000	Marie-Josée Hamel Jasmina Milicevic Dalhousie University, Canada	Available after registration
French Interlanguage Database (FRIDA)	French	Various	written	Free compositions: desciptive, argumentative and narrative texts, news & mail	Intermediate		Sylviane Granger Centre for English Corpus Linguistics Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
French Learner Language Oral Corpora (FLLOC)	French	Various	spoken	See description of the 7 corpora	Various		Florence Myles Newcastle University Rosamund Mitchell University of Southampton, UK	The contents of the database are being made freely available to the research community, in the form of digital sound files and related transcripts formatted using CHILDES software. Searchable online
The InterFra corpus	French	Swedish	spoken	Interviews, retellings of video clips and picture stories	Various		Inge Bartning Stockholm University, Sweden. interfra@fraita.su.se	Available
The "Interphonologie du Français Contemporain" corpus (IPFC)	French	Cypriot Greek Dutch English (Canada) German Japanese Norwegian Spanish	spoken	Reading aloud, repeating words, guided interviews, interactions between two learners.	Various	Under development	Sylvain Detey Waseda University, Japan Université de Rouen, France Isabelle Racine Université de Genève, Switzerland Yuji Kawaguchi Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan	Under development; samples available
The Learner Corpus French (LCF)	French	Dutch	written	Argumentative essays Informative texts Journalistic texts Formal letters Summaries Written compositions by Flemish students of French	Intermediate to advanced	c. 500,000	K.U.Leuven Campus Kortrijk, UGent and Lessius Hans Paulussen	Under development
The Lund CEFLE Corpus (Corpus Écrit de Français Langue Étrangère)	French	Swedish	written	Descriptive and narrative essays; picture-based stories.	Various	c. 100,000	Malin Ågren Lund University, Sweden	A sub-part of the corpus is available online.
The University of the West Indies learner corpus (UWi)	French	English Jamaican Creole	spoken	Conversations during oral exams and in informal contexts	Various		Hugues Peters University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Comasan Labhairt ann an Gàidhlig (CLAG) - Gaelic Adult Proficiency (GAP)	Gaelic	Various	spoken	Conversation task Narrative Elicited oral imitation task Question and answer activity	Various		Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh (University of Glasgow) Nicola Carty (University of Glasgow)
The AleSKO corpus	German	Chinese Also German L1 data from the FALKO corpus	written	Argumentative essays		c. 13,600	Heike Zinsmeister University of Konstanz, Germany Margrit Breckle Vilnius Pedagogical University, Lithuania.
Analyzing Discourse Strategies: A Computer Learner Corpus	German	English (mainly American English)	written	Threaded Discussion Chat Essays Longitudinal data	From beginner to intermediate-mid	Under development	Christina Frei Edward Nixon University of Pennsylvania, USA
The Corpus of Learner German (CLEG13)	German	English	written	Argumentative, free compositions Longitudinal over 4 years, undergraduate students	Intermediate to advanced	c. 320,000	Ursula Maden-Weinberger	Online access through the FALKO platform. The corpus is also available as txt files to the scientific community. Please contact Ursula Maden-Weinberger
The deL1L2IM corpus	German	Russian-Belorussian bilinguals	written	Instant messaging dialogues	Advanced	c. 52,000	Sviatlana Höhn University of Luxemburg	Available
The Fehlerannotiertes Lernerkorpus (‘error annotated learner corpus’) (FALKO)	German	Learner subcorpus: various Native subcorpus: German	written	1. Summaries 2. Essays 3. Letters, fiction writing, journal articles, book reviews (= longitudinal data from American learners)	1. Advanced 2. Advanced 3. Beginners - advanced	1. c. 40,000 (learner subcorpus) + c. 20,000 (native subcorpus) 2. c. 150,000 (learner corpus) + c. 70,000 (native subcorpus) 3. c. 78,000 (learner subcorpus)	Anke Lüdeling Maik Walter Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für deutsche Sprache und Linguistik, Germany falko-korpus@hu-berlin.de	Online access
The KOLIPSI corpus	German	Italian	written	Two written language production tasks of a standardized test (email/letter)	A2-C1	under development	Andrea Abel Aivars Glaznieks European Academy Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
The Learning the Prosody of a Foreign Language (LeaP)	German	Various	spoken	The LeaP corpus covers four different types of speech: - read speech - prepared speech - free speech - nonsense word lists	Various	62 speakers	Ulrike Gut University of Augsburg, Germany	The annotated corpus is available to the scientific community. Please contact Ulrike Gut at the University of Augsburg. Manual
The LeKo (Lernerkorpus) corpus	German					c. 55,000	Anke Lüdeling, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany	Online access (password protected) Register here
The LINCS Corpus	1. German 2. German 3. German	1. English 2. German	1. Written 2. Written 3. Written	1. Essays, examination, answers. Longitudinal and cross-sectional data. 2. Essays 3. Teaching output	1. Intermediate to Advanced 2. Advanced	Under development	Elizabeth Thoday Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, UK	Not currently publicly available
Multilingual Platform for the European Reference Levels: Exploring Interlanguage in Context (MERLIN)	German Italian Czech	Various	written	writing tasks from standardized tests (telc/UJOP)	A1 to C1	c. 280,000	Katrin Wisniewski	Available
Rhodes University Deutsch als Fremdsprache (RUDaF)	German	English, Afrikaans, isiXhosa, XiTsonga	written	Short descriptive and argumentative writing paragraphs (300 words each)	A2-B2	34,000	Gwyndolen Ortner Dr Undine S. Weber Rhodes University, South Africa	Not available
The Telecollaborative Learner Corpus of English and German Telekorp	German	English	written	Bilingual, longitudinal database comprising computer-mediated NS-NNS interactions between approximately 200 Americans and Germans collected during six different telecollaborative partnerships from 2000-2005.		c. 1,5 m.	Julie Belz Pennsylvania State University, USA.	Not publicly available
The Langman corpus	Hungarian	Chinese	spoken	Interviews conducted in 1994 with 11 Chinese immigrants living in Hungary. Interviews focused on issues related to their arrival in Hungary as well as their daily life activities			Juliet Langman University of Texas at San Antonio, USA	Freely available
Corpus di Apprendenti di Italiano L2 (CAIL2)	Italian	Various	written	Essays	Intermediate to advanced	c. 237,000	Stefania Spina, Università per Stranieri di Perugia	Searchable via CQPweb
Corpus parlato di italiano L2	Italian	English German Japanese	spoken	Transcriptions of interviews	Various		Stefania Spina Silvio Pazzaglia Mirco Perini Università per Stranieri di Perugia, Italy	Searchable online
The KOLIPSI corpus	Italian	German	written	Two written language production tasks of a standardized test (email/letter)	A2-C1	Under development	Andrea Abel European Academy Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
The Lexicon of Spoken Italian by Foreigners (LIPS)	Italian	Various	spoken	Proficiency exams of the Certification of Italian as a Foreign Language (CILS)	A1-C2	c. 700,000	Francesca Gallina Università per Stranieri di Siena, Italy	Freely available
MISTiC (Multiple Italian Student TranslatIon Corpus)	Italian	English, French	written	translations produced by trainee translators (mainly specialised texts)	post-graduate trainee translators	ca. 125,000 (English-Italian), ca. 50,000 (French-Italian)	Sara Castagnoli, University of Bologna, Italy	not available
Varietà di Apprendimento della Lingua Italiana: Corpus Online (VALICO)	Italian	Various	written		Various	c. 570,000	Manuel Barbera:manuel.barbera@bmanuel.org Carla Marello	Freely available and searchable online.
Longitudinal Corpus of Chinese Learners of Italian (LOCCLI)	Italian	Chinese	written	essays	beginners and pre-intermediate	97,000	The LOCCLI is part of a joint project between Stefania Spina (University for Foreigners of Perugia, Italy) and Anna Siyanova-Chanturia (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand).	It is freely searchable via CQPweb (registration required) from https://www.unistrapg.it/cqpweb/
Corpus of Chinese Learners of Italian (COLI)	Italian	Chinese	written and spoken	essays and answers to open questions interviews	intermediate and advanced	82,300	Contact: Stefania Spina	The COLI is freely searchable via CQPweb (registration required) from https://www.unistrapg.it/cqpweb/
The Korean learner corpus	Korean	Various	written	Various: letters, essays, formal writing...	Beginner and intermediate	c. 10,000	Seok Bae Jang Georgetown University, USA Sun Hee Lee Wellesley College, USA Sang kyu Seo Yonsei University, South Korea
ESAM	Latvian and Lithuanian	Latvian and Lithuanian	written		Beginner	52,000	Inga Znotiņa	Available online
The ASK corpus	Norwegian	German Dutch English Spanish Russian Polish Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian Albanian Vietnamese Somali	written	Essays from language tests	B1 and B2		Kari Tenfjord University of Bergen, Norway
The Persian Learner Corpus (PLC)	Persian (Farsi)	Various	written	Narratives and essays	Intermediate and advanced	Academic/Restricted online access	Saeed Safari University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology	Academic/Restricted online access
The Salam Farsi Learner Corpus (SFLC)	Persian (Farsi)	Serbian	written	Narratives, descriptive essays	Beginner and upper-intermediate	Under development	Saeed Safari University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology	Academic, under development
Learner Corpus of Portuguese L2 (COPLE2)	Portuguese	15 languages: Chinese, English, Spanish, German, Russian, French, Japanese, Italian, Dutch, Tetum, Arabic, Polish, Korean, Romanian and Swedish	Written and spoken	Exams and assignments	A1-C1	written: 171.461 oral: 25.783	Iria del Río	Available
Russian Learner Corpus	Russian	varied	written and spoken	academic and non academic	teachers and heritage speakers	unknown	Ekaterina Rakhilina	Available online
The PIKUST pilot learner corpus	Slovene	Various	written	Mostly argumentative essays	Majority advanced – but also intermediate and beginner	c. 35,000	Mojca Stritar University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Anglia Polytechnic University (APU) Learner Spanish Corpus	Spanish	Various	written			c. 120,000	Anne Ife Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Aprescrilov ("Aprendera Escribiren Lovaina")	Spanish	Dutch	written	Written assignments and tests; several text types (letters, expository, descriptive, argumentative, narrative)	A1 to C1	c. 1 m.	Kris Buyse KU Leuven, Belgium	Restricted online access
The Corpus de aprendices de español (CAES)	Spanish	Various	written		A1 to C1	c. 575,000	CAES team Universidade de Santiago de Compostela	Online access
Corpus Escrito del Español L2 (CEDEL2)	Spanish	English	written	Written compositions by learners of Spanish		c. 730,000	Amaya Mendikoetxea Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Cristobal Lozano Universidad de Granada, Spain	Please contact Cristobal Lozano to get a free sample of the corpus
Corpus de textos escritos para el análisis de errores de aprendices de E/LE (CORANE)	Spanish	Various	written	Essays	A2 to C1	/	Cestero Mancera, A. M. Penadés Martínez, I. Universidad de Alcalá Henares	CD-ROM available
The Corpus of Taiwanese Learners of Spanish (Corpus de Aprendices Taiwaneses de Español) (CATE)	Spanish	Chinese	written	Student essays	Various	c. 340,000	hclu@mail.ncku.edu.tw	Under development
The DIAZ corpus	Spanish	German Swedish Icelandic Korean Chinese	spoken	Semi-spontaneous (structured interviews) and experimental (structured questionnaires) Adult Spanish L2/L3 oral data	Various		Lourdes Diaz Rodriguez Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain	Freely available
The Japanese learner corpus of Spanish	Spanish	Japanese	written	Student essays		c. 83,400	Yoshihito Kamakura University of Birmingham, UK
The Spanish Corpus Proficiency Level Training (SPT)	Spanish	English (heritage language learners)	spoken	Dialogues about a given set of questions	Beginner to advanced		Dr Dale Koike, University of Texas, Austin Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Center	Videos are available
Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpus (SPLLOC)	Spanish	English	spoken	Learner narratives, interviews and picture description tasks	Beginner to advanced	c. 50,000	Laura Dominguez University of Southampton, UK	Searchable online Data freely available for download
Spanish Learner Oral Corpus	Spanish	Various (9+ languages - especially Portuguese, French, Italian)	spoken	Semi-spontaneous interviews, narrative and descriptive tasks	A2-B1	c. 50,000 words	Leonardo Campillos Llanos Laboratorio de Lingüistica Informatica Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain	Online access
The Tartu Learner Corpus of Spanish as a L3+	Spanish	Estonian	written	Academic research writing	Advanced	c. 885,000	Mari Kruse, University of Tartu, Estonia
The ASU corpus	Swedish	Chinese English German Greek Polish Portuguese Spanish ...	spoken and written	Transcribed audio-recorded conversations and written texts from adult learners of Swedish – longitudinal data		c. 490,000 words (c. 415,000 spoken and c. 75,000 written)	Björn Hammarberg Stockholm University, Sweden	Manual
Leiden Learner Corpus	Multilingual (Dutch, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish)	various	written and spoken	written data: short essays; oral data: picture-based story telling	various	200 participants	M. Carmen Parafita Couto
The European Science Foundation Second Language Database (ESF database)	Multilingual: Dutch English French German Swedish	Punjabi Italian Turkish Arabic Spanish Finnish	spoken	Spontaneous second language acquisition of forty adult immigrant workers living in Western Europe, and their communication with native speakers in the respective host countries	Various		Wolfgang Klein Clive Perdue Max Planck Institut, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Freely available
The Foreign Language Examination Corpus (FLEC)	Multilingual	Polish	written	Data from the Warsaw University Certification Exams	Various	Under development	Piotr Banski Romuald Gozdawa-Golebiowski Warsaw University, Poland
The MeLLANGE Learner Translator Corpus (LTC)	Multilingual	various	written	Legal, technical, administrative and journalistic texts	Trainee translators		Natalie Kübler Université Paris Diderot, France. mellange_p7@eila.univ-paris-diderot.fr	Searchable online
The MiLC Corpus	Multilingual: Catalan English French Spanish	Catalan	written	Formal and informal letters, summaries, curriculum vitae, essays, reports, translations, synchronous and asynchronous communication exchanges, business letters		c. 150,000	Angeles Andreu Andrés et al Universidad Polytecnica de Valencia, Spain
The Multilingual Learner Corpus (MLC)	Multilingual: English German Italian Spanish	Brazilian Portuguese	written	Argumentative and marrative essays		Aim: c. 200,000	Stella E.O. Tagnin University of São Paulo, Brazil	Accessible online to registered researchers
The Padova Learner Corpus	Multilingual: English French Spanish	Italian	CMC (Computer-Mediated Communication)	Student work produced in blended language courses using FirstClass conferencing software. Variety of genres: diaries, debate contributions, formal reports, résumés etc. Longitudinal data		Under development	Fiona Dalziel Francesca Helm University of Padua, Italy
The corpus PARallèle Oral en Langue Etrangère (PAROLE)	Multilingual: English French Italian (Mainly L2 speakers but also includes data produced by L1 speakers)	Various	spoken	5 oral production tasks	Various		Heather Hilton John Osborne Marie-Jo Derive Nejma Succo Jean O'Donnell Sandra Billard Sandrine Rutigliano-Daspet Université de Savoie, France	Manual
The University of Toronto Romance Phonetics Database (RPD)	Multilingual: English French Italian Portuguese Romanian Spanish	Various (including English, Mandarin, Russian, Spanish, etc.)	spoken	Elicited production - sentence and passage reading, story narration, description of favourite meal	Various		Laura Colantoni Jeffrey Steele University of Toronto, Canada	Password available from directors

Learner corpus-based datasets

Corpus	Target language	First language	Medium	Text type / task type	Proficiency level	Size in words	Project director	Availability
The Treebank of Learner English (TLE)	English	Various	written	Sentences from the CLC FCE (annotated with syntactic trees)	Upper-intermediate	97,681 (5,124 sentences)	Yevgeni Berzak	Publicly available through the UD repository ('English-ESL')